Role of the DNAJ/HSP40 family in the pathogenesis of insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes

Insulin resistance (IR) underpins a wide range of metabolic disorders including type 2 diabetes (T2D), metabolic syndrome and cardiovascular diseases. IR is characterized by a marked reduction in the magnitude and/or delayed onset of insulin to stimulate glucose disposal. This condition is due to defects in one or several intracellular intermediates of the insulin signaling cascade, ranging from insulin receptor substrate (IRS) inactivation to reduced glucose phosphorylation and oxidation. Genetic predisposition, as well as other precipitating factors such as aging, obesity, and sedentary lifestyles are among the risk factors underlying the pathogenesis of IR and its subsequent progression to T2D. One of the cardinal hallmarks of T2D is the impairment of the heat shock response (HSR). Human and animal studies provided compelling evidence of reduced expression of several components of the HSR (i.e. Heat shock proteins or HSPs) in diabetic samples in a manner that correlates with the degree of IR. Interventions that induce the HSR, irrespective of the means to achieve it, proved their effectiveness in enhancing insulin sensitivity and improving glycemic index. However, most of these studies have been focused on HSP70 family. In this review, we will focus on the novel role of DNAJ/HSP40 cochaperone family in metabolic diseases associated with IR.     

四川省彭州市50岁及以上人群HIV-1分子传播网络特征分析

目的分析HIV-1感染者分子传播网络特征及其传播的相关危险因素, 为HIV-1精准预防提供依据。方法对2019年4月至2021年8月四川省彭州市新报告≥50岁HIV感染者的340份血样, 采用巢式PCR扩增法对pol基因区进行扩增、清理、拼接剪辑, 多序列对比构建系统进化树区分亚型, 计算成对基因距离, 在基因距离阈值为0.90%时成簇数最多(41个), 构建分子传播网络。分析HIV分子传播网络特征及入网危险因素, 进行χ2检验及logistic回归分析。采用SPSS 19.0软件进行统计学分析。结果 340份样本中, 扩增成功330份(97.06%, 330/340)。确定6种HIV-1亚型, 包括CRF01_AE(56.67%, 187/330)、CRF07_BC(27.88%, 92/330)、B(11.21%, 37/330)、CRF08_BC(3.33%, 11/330)、CRF55₀1B(0.61%, 2/330)和C(0.30%, 1/330)。入网率为58.79%(194/330), 研究...     

Factors Associated With Social Isolation in Older Adults: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

ObjectiveSocial isolation is a global health issue that affects older adults throughout their lives. This study aimed to identify the factors associated with social isolation in older adults.DesignSystematic review and meta-analysis.Setting and ParticipantsAdults aged 60 years and older.MethodsWe searched for observational studies without language restrictions in 11 databases from inception to August 2022. Pooled odds ratio (OR) and 95% CI were calculated using the R software (version 4.2.1). The modified Newcastle-Ottawa Scale was used to evaluate the risk of bias.ResultsEighteen factors were grouped into 5 themes. The following 13 factors were statistically significant: (1) demographics theme: aged 80 years and older (OR: 2.41; 95% CI: 1.20–4.85), less than or equal to a high school degree (OR: 1.68; 95% CI: 1.44–1.97), smoking (OR: 1.43; 95% CI: 1.18–1.73), and male (OR: 1.38; 95% CI: 1.01–1.89); (2) environment theme: low social support (OR: 7.77; 95% CI: 3.45–17.50) and no homeownership (OR: 1.38; 95% CI: 1.25–1.51); (3) role theme: no social participation (OR: 3.18; 95% CI: 1.30–7.80) and no spouse (OR: 2.61; 95% CI: 1.37–4.99); (4) physical health: hearing loss (OR: 2.78; 95% CI: 1.54–5.01), activities of daily living impairment (OR: 2.38; 95% CI: 1.57–3.61), and poor health status (OR: 1.52; 95% CI: 1.32–1.74); and (5) mental health: cognitive decline (OR: 1.85; 95% CI: 1.40–2.45) and depression (OR: 1.72; 95% CI: 1.21–2.44).Conclusions and ImplicationsSocial isolation in older adults is associated with various factors. Hence, focused intervention should be adopted for older adults. In addition, further longitudinal studies are required to confirm a direct link between multiple factors and social isolation.     

四川省彭州市50岁及以上男性亲密社会网络与性网络对HIV感染的影响

目的 了解亲密社会网络与性网络对四川省彭州市≥50岁男性HIV感染的影响，为中老年HIV/AIDS防控策略制定提供参考依据。方法 采用病例对照研究方法，对2019年4月至2020年10月彭州市新报告≥50岁男性病例组114人和经年龄频数匹配的健康对照组423人进行访谈式问卷调查，采用非条件逐步logistic回归分析HIV感染的影响因素。结果 在病例组中，亲密社会网络规模和性网络规模≥4人的分别占63.16%（72/114）和96.49%（110/114），高于对照组的23.40%（99/423）和11.58%（49/423）（均P<0.05）。病例组的亲密社会网络与性网络重叠的占49.12%（56/114），低于对照组的82.27%（348/423）（P<0.05）。Logistic回归分析显示，亲密社会网络规模≥4人（OR=8.66，95%CI：2.01~37.30）、性网络规模≥4人（OR=1 121.11，95%CI：28.38~4 429.61）、第1个亲密网络成员给予物质支持（OR=6.39，95%CI：1.03~39.75）、多性伴并存（OR=55.50，95%CI：6.22~494.96）是≥50岁男性感染HIV的危险因素；接受过艾滋病知识宣传（OR=0.07，95%CI：0.01~0.37）、与第1个性网络成员有满意的性生活、有好的日常关系（OR=0.02，95%CI：0.01~0.59；OR=0.01，95%CI：0.01~0.26）、亲密社会网络与性网络重叠（OR=0.02，95%CI：0.01~0.38）是≥50岁男性感染HIV的保护因素。结论 亲密社会网络与性网络重叠可减少≥50岁男性感染HIV的风险，应帮助中老年人构建良好且稳定的亲密社会网络和性网络，满足社会交往需求，为预防HIV感染减少高危性行为。